Everything about Anglo-m Tis totally explained
A community of the
Métis people of
Canada, the
Anglo-Métis, more commonly known as
Countryborn, were children of the fur trade; typically of
Orkney,
Scottish, or
English paternal descent and
Aboriginal maternal descent. Their first languages would have been aboriginal (
Cree,
Saulteaux,
Assiniboine, etc.) and
English. It seems likely that some of their fathers spoke
Gaelic, thus leading to the development of the now extinct Métis "contact language" referred to as "
Bungee".
History
Forming communities in
Red River and the
Saskatchewan Valley, they initially had fewer problems with the expansion of the
Canadian state westward during the 19th Century than their francophone brethren. This was due to their tendency and ability to identify more with the politically and economically dominant British culture of Canada at this time. Additionally, the Anglo-Métis / Countryborn are held to have led a somewhat more sedentary lifestyle of farming than the francophone Métis community. Historical research indicates that the French speaking Métis were somewhat more nomadic due to their strong reliance upon the bison as a trade and food resource. Regardless of cultural and linguistic ties to Anglo Canada the Countryborn played a role in both the
Red River Rebellion (or "Red River Uprising") of
1869 and the
Northwest Rebellion (or "Northwest Uprising") of
1885, suffering from the same racism and land problems as their
francophone brethren.
Through "
ethnogenesis" by the 19th century the Métis, both Anglophone and
French were culturally quite similar. Their musical traditions, especially in the case of fiddle music, hail from both British Isles and French origins, as does Métis traditional dance referred to as "jigging", or the "Red River Jig". In complexion they ranged from fair skinned, blonde and blue eyed through dark skinned, with dark hair and dark eyes. Métis elders say that no distinctions were made between individuals based upon complexion within the community. Family, culture, and strong identification with their Christian faith were the unifying bond amongst them. The two communities' primary differences lay in their language, and Christian religious affliation being either
Protestant, or
Roman Catholic . Most Countryborn were
Anglican or
Presbyterian. They were involved in a mixed economy of
subsistence farming and
bison hunting throughout most of the 19th century; they also found employment with the
Hudson's Bay Company and the
North West Company.
The Countryborn were often known in the
19th century as "Mixed-Bloods", "Black Scots", "Native English", or "Halfbreeds" (a term now considered pejorative). The French Metis referred to them simply as "les métis anglais" or "les autres métis." Thus, they gradually came to see themselves as little different from their French Métis brethren. Today, the two groups are no longer politically distinct, and are commonly known on the
Canadian Prairies simply as Métis.
Prominent Anglo-Métis / Countryborn include
James Isbister, and
John Norquay, the
Premier of
Manitoba from 1878 to 1887.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Anglo-m Tis'.
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